Cat - Wikipedia. The domestic cat[1][5] (Felis silvestris catus or Felis catus) is a small, typically furry, carnivorousmammal. They are often called house cats when kept as indoor pets or simply cats when there is no need to distinguish them from other felids and felines.[6] Cats are often valued by humans for companionship and for their ability to hunt vermin.

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There are more than 7. Cats are similar in anatomy to the other felids, with a strong flexible body, quick reflexes, sharp retractable claws, and teeth adapted to killing small prey. Cat senses fit a crepuscular and predatoryecological niche.

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Cats can hear sounds too faint or too high in frequency for human ears, such as those made by mice and other small animals. They can see in near darkness. Like most other mammals, cats have poorer color vision and a better sense of smell than humans. Cats, despite being solitary hunters, are a social species and cat communication includes the use of a variety of vocalizations (mewing, purring, trilling, hissing, growling, and grunting), as well as cat pheromones and types of cat- specific body language.[7]Cats have a high breeding rate.[8] Under controlled breeding, they can be bred and shown as registered pedigree pets, a hobby known as cat fancy. Failure to control the breeding of pet cats by neutering, as well as the abandonment of former household pets, has resulted in large numbers of feral cats worldwide, requiring population control.[9] In certain areas outside cats' native range, this has contributed, along with habitat destruction and other factors, to the extinction of many bird species.

Cats have been known to extirpate a bird species within specific regions and may have contributed to the extinction of isolated island populations.[1. Cats are thought to be primarily responsible for the extinction of 3. Since cats were venerated in ancient Egypt, they were commonly believed to have been domesticated there,[1. Neolithic from around 9,5. BC).[1. 3] A genetic study in 2.

Near Eastern wildcats, having diverged around 8,0. BC in the Middle East.[1. Watch Haunted Echoes Megavideo.

A 2. 01. 6 study found that leopard cats were undergoing domestication independently in China around 5,5. BC, though this line of partially domesticated cats leaves no trace in the domesticated populations of today.[1. A 2. 01. 7 study confirmed that domestic cats are descendants of those first domesticated by farmers in the Near East around 9,0. As of a 2. 00. 7 study, cats are the second most popular pet in the US by number of pets owned, behind freshwater fish.[2. In a 2. 01. 0 study they were ranked the third most popular pet in the UK, after fish and dogs, with around 8 million being owned.[2. Taxonomy and evolution.

The domestic cat is believed to have evolved from the Near Eastern wildcat, whose range covers vast portions of the Middle East westward to the Atlantic coast of Africa.[2. Between 7. 0,0. 00 and 1. Near Eastern wildcat around 8,0. BC in the Middle East.[1. The felids are a rapidly evolving family of mammals that share a common ancestor only 1. Within this family, domestic cats (Felis catus) are part of the genus. Felis, which is a group of small cats containing about seven species (depending upon classification scheme).[1][2.

Members of the genus are found worldwide and include the jungle cat (Felis chaus) of southeast Asia, European wildcat (F. African wildcat (F.

Chinese mountain cat (F. Arabian sand cat (F. The domestic cat was first classified as Felis catus by Carl Linnaeus in the 1.

Systema Naturae published in 1. Because of modern phylogenetics, domestic cats are usually regarded as another subspecies of the wildcat, F. This has resulted in mixed usage of the terms, as the domestic cat can be called by its subspecies name, Felis silvestris catus.[1][2. Wildcats have also been referred to as various subspecies of F. International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature fixed the name for wildcats as F. The most common name in use for the domestic cat remains F. Sometimes, the domestic cat has been called Felis domesticus[3.

German naturalist J. C. P. Erxleben in 1. A population of Transcaucasian black feral cats was once classified as Felis daemon(Satunin 1.

All the cats in this genus share a common ancestor that is believed to have lived around 6–7 million years ago in the Near East (the Middle East).[3. The exact relationships within the Felidae are close but still uncertain,[3. Chinese mountain cat is sometimes classified (under the name Felis silvestris bieti) as a subspecies of the wildcat, like the North African variety F. Ancient Egyptian sculpture of the cat goddess Bastet. The earliest evidence of felines as Egyptian deities comes from a c. Watch Felon Online more. BC. In comparison to dogs, cats have not undergone major changes during the domestication process, as the form and behavior of the domestic cat is not radically different from those of wildcats and domestic cats are perfectly capable of surviving in the wild.[3.

Fully domesticated house cats often interbreed with feral. F. catus populations,[4. Kellas cat. This limited evolution during domestication means that hybridisation can occur with many other felids, notably the Asian leopard cat.[4. Several natural behaviors and characteristics of wildcats may have predisposed them for domestication as pets.[3. These traits include their small size, social nature, obvious body language, love of play and relatively high intelligence.[4. Several small felid species may have an inborn tendency towards tameness.[3. Cats have either a mutualistic or commensal relationship with humans.

Two main theories are given about how cats were domesticated. In one, people deliberately tamed cats in a process of artificial selection as they were useful predators of vermin.[4. This has been criticized as implausible, because the reward for such an effort may have been too little; cats generally do not carry out commands and although they do eat rodents, other species such as ferrets or terriers may be better at controlling these pests.[2.

The alternative idea is that cats were simply tolerated by people and gradually diverged from their wild relatives through natural selection, as they adapted to hunting the vermin found around humans in towns and villages.[2. Nomenclature and etymology.

The origin of the English word cat (Old Englishcatt) and its counterparts in other Germanic languages (such as German. Katze), descended from Proto- Germanic*kattōn- , is controversial. It has traditionally thought to be a borrowing from Late Latincattus "domestic cat", from catta (used around 7. AD by Martial),[4. Byzantine Greekκάττα, Portuguese and Spanishgato, Frenchchat, Malteseqattus, Lithuaniankatė, and Old Church Slavonic kotъ (kotka), among others.[4.

The Late Latin word is generally thought to originate from an Afro- Asiatic language, but every proposed source word has presented problems. Watch The Hills Run Red Online IMDB. Many references refer to "Berber" (Kabyle) kaddîska "wildcat" and "Nubiankadīs" as possible sources or cognates, but M. Lionel Bender says the Nubian term is a loan from Arabic قِطَّة qiṭṭa.[4.

Jean- Paul Savignac suggests the Latin word is from an Egyptian precursor of Copticϣⲁⲩ (šau) "tomcat" or its feminine form suffixed with - t,[4. John Huehnergard says "the source [..] was clearly not Egyptian itself, where no analogous form is attested."[4.

Huehnergard opines it is "equally likely that the forms might derive from an ancient Germanic word, imported into Latin and thence to Greek and to Syriac and Arabic". Guus Kroonen also considers the word to be native to Germanic (due to morphological alternations) and Northern Europe, and suggests that it might ultimately be borrowed from Uralic, cf. Northern Samigađfe "female stoat" and Hungarianhölgy "stoat; lady, bride" from Proto- Uralic*käďwä "female (of a fur animal)".[4. In any case, cat is a classic case of a Wanderwort. An alternative word is English puss (extended as pussy and pussycat). Attested only from the 1. Dutchpoes or from Low Germanpuuskatte, related to Swedishkattepus, or Norwegianpus, pusekatt.