Proverb - Wikipedia. A proverb (from Latin: proverbium) is a simple and concrete saying, popularly known and repeated, that expresses a truth based on common sense or experience. They are often metaphorical. A proverb that describes a basic rule of conduct may also be known as a maxim.

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Proverbs fall into the category of formulaic language. Proverbs are often borrowed from similar languages and cultures, and sometimes come down to the present through more than one language.

Both the Bible (including, but not limited to the Book of Proverbs) and medieval Latin (aided by the work of Erasmus) have played a considerable role in distributing proverbs across Europe. Mieder has concluded that cultures that treat the Bible as their "major spiritual book contain between three hundred and five hundred proverbs that stem from the Bible".[1] In his list of the 1. Europe, Paczolay listed 1. Bible.[2] However, almost every culture has examples of its own unique proverbs. Definitions[edit]Defining a "proverb" is a difficult task. Proverb scholars often quote Archer Taylor's classic "The definition of a proverb is too difficult to repay the undertaking.. An incommunicable quality tells us this sentence is proverbial and that one is not.

Hence no definition will enable us to identify positively a sentence as proverbial".[3] Another common definition is from Lord John Russell (c. A proverb is the wit of one, and the wisdom of many."[4]More constructively, Mieder has proposed the following definition, "A proverb is a short, generally known sentence of the folk which contains wisdom, truth, morals, and traditional views in a metaphorical, fixed, and memorizable form and which is handed down from generation to generation".[5] Norrick created a table of distinctive features to distinguish proverbs from idioms, cliches, etc.[6] Prahlad distinguishes proverbs from some other, closely related types of sayings, "True proverbs must further be distinguished from other types of proverbial speech, e. Wellerisms, maxims, quotations, and proverbial comparisons."[7] Based on Persian proverbs, Zolfaghari and Ameri propose the following definition: "A proverb is a short sentence, which is well- known and at times rhythmic, including advice, sage themes and ethnic experiences, comprising simile, metaphor or irony which is well- known among people for its fluent wording, clarity of expression, simplicity, expansiveness and generality and is used either with or without change".[8]There are many sayings in English that are commonly referred to as "proverbs", such as weather sayings. Alan Dundes, however, rejects including such sayings among truly proverbs: "Are weather proverbs proverbs? I would say emphatically 'No!'"[9] The definition of "proverb" has also changed over the years. For example, the following was labeled "A Yorkshire proverb" in 1.

Throp's wife when she hanged herself with a dish- cloth".[1. The changing of the definition of "proverb" is also noted in Turkish.[1. In other languages and cultures, the definition of "proverb" also differs from English.

In the Chumburung language of Ghana, "aŋase are literal proverbs and akpare are metaphoric ones".[1. Among the Bini of Nigeria, there are three words that are used to translate "proverb": ere, ivbe, and itan. The first relates to historical events, the second relates to current events, and the third was "linguistic ornamentation in formal discourse".[1. Among the Balochi of Pakistan and Afghanistan, there is a word batal for ordinary proverbs and bassīttuks for "proverbs with background stories".[1. There are also language communities that combine proverbs and riddles in some sayings, leading some scholars to create the label "proverb riddles".[1. All of this makes it difficult to come up with a definition of "proverb" that is universally applicable, which brings us back to Taylor's observation, "An incommunicable quality tells us this sentence is proverbial and that one is not.".

Examples[edit]Paremiology[edit]The study of proverbs is called paremiology which has a variety of uses in the study of such topics as philosophy, linguistics, and folklore. There are several types and styles of proverbs which are analyzed within Paremiology as is the use and misuse of familiar expressions which are not strictly 'proverbial' in the dictionary definition of being fixed sentences. Grammatical structures[edit]Proverbs in various languages are found with a wide variety of grammatical structures.[1. In English, for example, we find the following structures (in addition to others): Imperative, negative - Don't beat a dead horse.

Imperative, positive - Look before you leap. Parallel phrases - Garbage in, garbage out. Rhetorical question - Is the Pope Catholic?

VideoSexArchive is a free porn tube with lots of hot fucking XXX for all tastes and your satisfaction. Will always find yourself something new and take a fancy. We recently decided to show a movie to our 6th, 7th and 8th grade students on the last day of school. But when we started brainstorming ideas we had some difficulty.

Declarative sentence - Birds of a feather flock together. However, people will often quote only a fraction of a proverb to invoke an entire proverb, e. All is fair" instead of "All is fair in love and war", and "A rolling stone" for "A rolling stone gathers no moss."The grammar of proverbs is not always the typical grammar of the spoken language, often elements are moved around, to achieve rhyme or focus.[1. Another type of grammatical structure in proverbs is a short dialogue: Shor/Khkas (SW Siberia): "They asked the camel, 'Why is your neck crooked?' The camel laughed roaringly, 'What of me is straight?'"[2.

Armenian: "They asked the wine, 'Have you built or destroyed more?' It said, 'I do not know of building; of destroying I know a lot.'"[2. Bakgatla [a. k. a.

Tswana]: "The thukhui jackal said, 'I can run fast.' But the sands said, 'We are wide.'" (Botswana)[2. Bamana: "'Speech, what made you good?' 'The way I am,' said Speech. What made you bad?' 'The way I am,' said Speech." (Mali)[2. Use in conversation[edit]Proverbs are used in conversation by adults more than children, partially because adults have learned more proverbs than children. Also, using proverbs well is a skill that is developed over years.

Additionally, children have not mastered the patterns of metaphorical expression that are invoked in proverb use. Proverbs, because they are indirect, allow a speaker to disagree or give advice in a way that may be less offensive.

Studying actual proverb use in conversation, however, is difficult since the researcher must wait for proverbs to happen.[2. An Ethiopian researcher, Tadesse Jaleta Jirata, made headway in such research by attending and taking notes at events where he knew proverbs were expected to be part of the conversations.[2. Use in literature[edit]Many authors have used proverbs in their writings, for a very wide variety of literary genres: epics,[2. Probably the most famous user of proverbs in novels is J. R. R. Tolkien in his The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings series.[3.

Herman Melville is noted for creating proverbs in Moby Dick[3. Also, C. S. Lewis created a dozen proverbs in The Horse and His Boy,[3. Mercedes Lackey created dozens for her invented Shin'a'in and Tale'edras cultures; [3. Lackey's proverbs are notable in that they are reminiscent to those of Ancient Asia - e.

Best Movies for Middle School. We recently decided to show a movie to our 6th, 7th and 8th grade students on the last day of school. But when we started brainstorming ideas we had some difficulty coming up with movie titles that (a) the students would like and (b) we thought would be worth showing.

Listed below are the movies we came up with after consulting a variety of experts including: current middle school students, former middle school students, middle school teachers from across the country, lots of family movie websites, and random people on twitter and facebook. Do Your Homework.

Don’t Take My Word For It. Always preview any movie before you show it.

Just because a movie appears on this (or any other) list doesn’t mean that it works in your situation. For instance, I included Stand by Me in this list and it is rated R. If I were actually going to show it, I would look for an edited for television version. If a movie is rated PG or PG- 1. Explain to them what good things they can take away from the movie even though there might be some language that isn’t appropriate at school. Incorporate it into the curriculum. We’ve shown The Karate Kid when we’re talking about bullying as a school.

One teacher shows Newsies in social studies classes when she’s talking about immigration and industrialization. I’ve shown Searching for Bobby Fischer before I teach students how to play chess. Stay Legal. You may be required to obtain a Public Performance License to show your movie. Movie License USA offers these guidelines for schools to use when determining if they need to purchase a license. Generally, you do not need a license if: A teacher or instructor is present. The showing takes place in a classroom setting with only the enrolled students attending. The movie is used as an essential part of the core, current curriculum being taught.

The instructor should be able to show how the use of the motion picture contributes to the overall required course study and syllabus.)The movie being used is a legitimate copy, not taped from a legitimate copy or taped from TVMovie License USA also serves a clearing house for many movie studios, so it is a good spot to look to obtain a license if you need one. They offer single license for $7. Watch Online Watch Absolute Zero Full Movie Online Film on this page. They also offer site licenses that are good for all of the studios that they represent for one year (as many showings as you’d like). Site license prices are based on the number of students in your school. About the List. The list is sortable. Click on the heading to sort it by run time, rating and so forth. The title link goes to the Internet Movie Database listing for the movie and the rating link goes to the IMDb Parents Guide for the movie.

Additions to the list are welcome. There aren’t actually 5. If you think a movie on the list is especially good or bad choice to show at school, lets hear that as well. The List. Click on the heading to sort the table by Release Date, Run Time or Rating.

What do you think? Suggest another movie? Any poor choices on the list? What are your top 3?