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Wildlife Online - Natural History of Red Deer. Content. Updated: 2. April 2. 01. 0The Red deer has a long history in. Britain – one of only two native deer species in the UK, it’s a beast. Renowned Scottish artist Archibald Thorburn summed up the. British Mammals, in which he wrote. Red deer “is unquestionably the grandest wild animal we now.

British Islands.” That which follows is a summary of. Red deer natural history. Certain aspects of the natural history common. Q/A – this is partly to avoid repetition but. A summary of the. Britain’s. deer species can be found elsewhere on this site. Taxonomy: Deer classification is a contentious subject, with. Nonetheless, there is agreement that the majority.

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Musk deer of the south Asian. Cervidae. The. Cervidae holds two subfamilies: the Old World deer of the Cervinae and. New World deer of the Capreolinae. Within the Cervinae sit two. Cervini (“true deer”) and the Muntiancini (muntjacs). It is. Cervini tribe that interests us here – it contains four genera. Axis; Dama; Rucervus; and Cervus, which holds the Red deer in its.

We now arrive at something of a taxonomical minefield! Cervus is, to say the least, a contentious genus and there is much. I have opted to follow the bulk of the. Cervus genus (1. 2 if recent molecular data are confirmed – see.

I should mention that the close relationship between members of. Cervus means that there is apparently a terrific potential for. Fertile hybrids of Sika (C. Red are known. from the wild, while two papers to the Journal of Heredity during 1.

Red. deer with both Sambar (C. Pere David’s (Cervus davidianus). Indeed, it’s worth remembering that what happens in. The majority of Cervus species have been fairly well defined, but. Red deer. should be considered the same, or distinct, species. The wapiti range. North America and eastern Asia and are superficially. Red deer of Europe and Asia (an area collectively termed.

Eurasia”). (Incidentally, the wapiti are often referred to as “elk” in. North America, but should not be confused with the European “elk”, or. Moose, Alces alces!) Traditionally, many authors have chosen to lump. Red deer because, despite. Red deer. Consequently, many scientists prefer to think of Cervus. Red deer. However, not everybody agrees. The idea that Red deer and wapiti are distinct species is not a new.

German naturalist Georg Heinrich. Borowski in 1. 78. In 1. 80. 6 Pennsylvanian- born naturalist and physician. Benjamin Smith Barton suggested that North American elk and Red deer. Europe were sufficiently different to be considered different. North American elk. Since then, the wapiti has been the subject of much.

Cervus. canadensis, and a subspecies of Red deer (Cervus elaphus canadensis). Work by taxonomists from the mid- 1. Red deer based on data from skeletal.

However, in. their review of the situation in 1. Patrick Lowe and Andrew Gardiner.

A Western Red Deer, or Wapiti, (Cervus. In 2. 00. 1, Instituto Nazionale per la Fauna Selvatica (Italy). Ettore Randi and four colleagues published a study in the.

Animal Conservation supporting the idea that European Red deer. North American animals. The study looked at. DNA (mt. DNA) sequences from 1. Cervus genus) and found that the wapiti formed a clade, as distinct. European Red deer, which is nestled with the Sika deer (Cervus. In their summary, the researchers wrote: “Cervus elaphus includes two divergent clades that must be referred.

European elaphoid deer) and canadensis (Eurasian. North American wapitoid deer).”A large study, published in the journal. Molecular Phylogenetics and. Evolution during 2. Technical University Munich- Weihenstephan (in.

Germany) taxonomist Christian Ludt and three colleagues, looked at a. DNA of 5. 1 populations of deer spanning. Cervus. The geneticists found that they could. Cervus. and several subspecies) and a western group (containing. Cervus elaphus), which split from each other about 7 million years ago.

Most subsequent molecular studies looking at deer taxonomy support the. Red deer into separate species. With Cervus. The European Red deer, Cervus elaphus (henceforth.

Red deer). Red deer, as we currently think of them, may actually be as many as. Christian Pitra and his colleagues published in the journal Molecular. Phylogentics and Evolution during 2. I won’t go into much detail. Dr Pitra and his team. Red deer from Central Asia and. North Africa and Corsica- Sardinia may represent species as.

Cervus elaphus (Cervus yarkandensis and Cervus corsicanus. The findings of Dr Pitra and his colleagues require. The terrific variation observed in Red deer throughout their range.

In his. Whitehead Encyclopedia of Deer, G Kenneth Whitehead lists 1. I’ve come across is 2. Cervus elaphus. hippelaphus (the Carpathian Red from central Europe), Cervus elaphus.

Spain and Portugal), Cervus elaphus atlanticus (Norway) and. Cervus. elaphus elaphus (Sweden). The variations between these subspecies range. Carpathian stags, for example, may.

Corsican Red (Cervus. Red stags in Britain and Norway sport thick, dark neck manes, while. Spain fail to develop any trace of a mane. Coat colour and differences in the size and shape of the antlers are. Unfortunately, the majority of these traits are not good taxonomic.

Consequently, the subspecific division of the Red deer remains. I don’t wish to get too tied up in the debates. I will briefly cover the. Britain: Cervus elaphus scoticus.

A Scottish Red deer stag, often. Cervus elaphus scoticus. In 1. 90. 6, Swedish zoologist Axel Lönnberg (who often went by his. Einar) published a paper in the journal Arkiv för Zoologi. Red deer. In the paper Dr Lönnberg. Red deer collected from various parts of. In particular, Dr Lönnberg describes the skulls of two.

Glenquoich Forest in Invernesshire, north- west Scotland. The skulls displayed some features in common with Swedish (C. Norwegian (C. e. atlanticus).

In. his appraisal, Dr Lönnberg wrote of the Scottish deer: “It is accordingly neither identical with the typical race of. Sweden nor with the race of western Norway and most probably.

Since Dr Lönnberg’s comparisons, the Scottish Red deer has been. C. e. scoticus. However, more recently, several. Scottish Red as a valid.

In a major review of Red deer taxonomy published in the. Journal of Zoology during 1. Patrick Lowe and Andrew Gardiner found. C. elaphus exhibits a high degree of morphological similarity. Generally- speaking, it is. Drs Lowe and Gardiner examined the skulls of 1.

Red deer listed by John Ellerman and Sir Charles. Morrison- Scott in their 1. Checklist of Palaearctic and Indian Mammals. The. taxonomists did find evidence for two distinct, yet “visually. Red deer living wild in Britain (one in Scotland. Ireland and northern England, presumed native, and another of apparent.

England), but only atlanticus. Europe and. Scandinavia. Overall, the biologists failed to find support for more. Red deer in northern Europe, the type. Watch Henry: Portrait Of A Serial Killer Online Free 2016 more. Cervus elaphus elaphus and in their conclusion they wrote: “None of the features of the skull measured for this study support.

Genetic data have contributed greatly to our understanding of. In a 1. 98. 3 paper to the journal Heredity, Ulf Gyllensten and. Britain, Germany. Norway and Sweden. Dr Gyllensten and his team found what they called “a. British and Norwegian deer on the one. Swedish and German deer on the other. In other words, scoticus.

This would suggest that even if all four subspecies aren’t. Swedish/German and. British/Norwegian deer. More recently, Christian Ludt and his team presented their data from. In addition to the. German biologists (see above), they. C. e. elaphus. Conversely, Dr Pitra and his team found more.

C. e. elaphus or C. Unfortunately. as far as I am aware, at the time of writing this is as far as the. Despite the conflicting data, many authors consider that the. Red deer in Britain are represented by a few. Cervus elaphus scoticus residing on the Scottish. England. Overall, I feel it is.

Consequently, the following classification. Red deer. throughout their range (including the UK). While I have split out the.