Egypt facts, information, pictures Encyclopedia. Egypt. LOCATION, SIZE, AND EXTENTTOPOGRAPHYCLIMATEFLORA AND FAUNAENVIRONMENTPOPULATIONMIGRATIONETHNIC GROUPSLANGUAGESRELIGIONSTRANSPORTATIONHISTORYGOVERNMENTPOLITICAL PARTIESLOCAL GOVERNMENTJUDICIAL SYSTEMARMED FORCESINTERNATIONAL COOPERATIONECONOMYINCOMELABORAGRICULTUREANIMAL HUSBANDRYFISHINGFORESTRYMININGENERGY AND POWERINDUSTRYSCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGYDOMESTIC TRADEFOREIGN TRADEBALANCE OF PAYMENTSBANKING AND SECURITIESINSURANCEPUBLIC FINANCETAXATIONCUSTOMS AND DUTIESFOREIGN INVESTMENTECONOMIC DEVELOPMENTSOCIAL DEVELOPMENTHEALTHHOUSINGEDUCATIONLIBRARIES AND MUSEUMSMEDIAORGANIZATIONSTOURISM, TRAVEL, AND RECREATIONFAMOUS EGYPTIANSDEPENDENCIESBIBLIOGRAPHYArab Republic of Egypt. Jumhuriat Misr al- 'Arabiyah. CAPITAL: Cairo (Al- Qahira)FLAG: The flag is a tricolor of three horizontal stripes—red, white, and black—with the national emblem in the center white stripe. ANTHEM: The Arab Republic of Egypt Hymn.

Mortal hero Bek teams with the god Horus in an alliance against Set, the merciless god of darkness, who has usurped Egypt's throne, plunging the once peaceful and.

MONETARY UNIT: The Egyptian pound (e£) is a paper currency of 1. There are coins of 1, 5, 1. WEIGHTS AND MEASURES: The metric system is the official standard, but various local units also are used: 1 feddan, consisting of 3.

HOLIDAYS: New Year's Day, 1 January; Evacuation Day, 1. June; Revolution Day, 2. July; Armed Forces Day, 6 October; Popular Resistance Day, 2. October; Victory Day, 2.

December. Movable holidays include Sham an- Nassim (Breath of Spring), of ancient origin, as well as such Muslim religious holidays as 'Id al- Fitr, 'Id al'Adha', and the 1st of Muharram (Muslim New Year). TIME: 2 pm = noon GMT. Situated at the northeastern corner of Africa, the Arab Republic of Egypt has an area of 1,0.

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However, the cultivated and settled area (Nile Valley, Delta, and oases) constitutes only about 3. Egypt's land area; the Libyan and Western deserts occupy about 7. Comparatively, the area occupied by Egypt is slightly more than three times the size of the state of New Mexico. Beyond the Suez Canal in the east, the Sinai Peninsula overlaps into Asia; the Sinai was occupied by Israeli forces from 1. Egypt is bounded on the n by the Mediterranean Sea, on the e by Israel and the Red Sea, on the s by Sudan, and on the w by Libya.

The total land boundary length is 2,6. Egypt's capital city, Cairo, is located in the northeastern part of the country. The altitude of Egypt ranges from 1. Libyan Desert to 2,6. Sinai Peninsula. The Nile Delta is a broad, alluvial land, sloping to the sea for some 1. Alexandria (Al- Iskandariyah) and Port Said.

South of Cairo, most of the country (known as Upper Egypt) is a tableland rising to some 4. The narrow valley of the Nile is enclosed by cliffs as high as 5. Aswan to Cairo. A series of cascades and rapids at Aswan, known as the First Cataract (the other cataracts are in the Sudan), forms a barrier to movement upstream. The bulk of the country is covered by the Sahara, which north of Aswan is usually called the Libyan Desert. East of the Nile, the Arabian Desert extends to the Red Sea. Watch Four More Years 4Shared.

The Western Desert consists of low- lying sand dunes and many depressions. Kharijah, Siwah, Farafirah, Bahariyah, and other large oases dot the landscape; another lowland, the Qattara Depression, is an inhospitable region of highly saline lakes and soils covering about 2. The outstanding topographic feature is the Nile River, on which human existence depends, for its annual floods provide the water necessary for agriculture. Before the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1. August to December, caused the river level to rise about 5 m (1. Now, however, floodwaters can be stored, making it possible to provide year- round irrigation and to reclaim about 1 million feddans (about 1. Damming the Nile resulted in the creation of Lake Nasser, a reservoir 2.

Most of Egypt is a dry subtropical area, but the southern part of Upper Egypt is tropical. Northern winds temper the climate along the Mediterranean, but the interior areas are very hot. The temperature sinks quickly after sunset because of the high radiation rate under cloudless skies. Annual rainfall averages 2. Cairo and 2. 0 cm (8 in) on the Mediterranean coast, but sudden storms sometimes cause devastating flash floods.

Hot, dry sandstorms, known as khamsins, come off the Western Desert in the spring. In Cairo, average temperatures range from 1. January to 2. 8°c (8. July. Relative humidity varies from 6. February to over 7. August and 7. 7% in December. Plants are those common in dry subtropical and tropical lands, such as papyrus.

Egypt has no forests but does have date palm and citrus groves; eucalyptus and cypress have been introduced. Sheep, goats, and donkeys are found throughout the country, and camels are found in all the deserts. Egypt has some 3. Wild animals are few, except for the hyena, jackal, lynx, mongoose, and wild boar, the last- named inhabiting the Nile Delta. The ibex may be found in the Sinai, and gazelles in the deserts. The Nile is adequately stocked with fish, but crocodiles have been reduced to a few along the shores of Lake Nasser. Reptiles include the horned viper and the hooded snake.

In 2. 00. 2, there were about 9. Egypt's environmental problems stem from its aridity, extremely uneven population distribution, shortage of arable land, and pollution.

Soil fertility has declined because of over- cultivation and agricultural land has been lost to urbanization and desert winds. In addition, the nation's beaches, coral reefs, and wildlife habitats are threatened by oil pollution.

Heavy use of pesticides, inadequate sewage disposal, and uncontrolled industrial effluents have created major water pollution problems. The expanded irrigation of desert areas after completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1. With recent improvements, about 9. The National Committee for Environment, within the office of the prime minister, is the principal agency with environmental responsibilities.

Centuries of human habitation in the Nile Valley have decimated Egypt's wildlife in that region. The hunting of any bird has been prohibited by law. As of 2. 00. 3, about 9. The Wadi Al- Hitan (White Valley) became a natural UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2. According to a 2.

International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), the number of threatened species included 6 types of mammals, 1. Endangered species include the Sinai leopard, northern bald ibis, and green sea turtle. The Sahara oryx has been listed as extinct. The population of Egypt in 2. United Nations (UN) at 7.

In 2. 00. 5, approximately 5% of the population was over 6. There were 1. 01 males for every 1. According to the UN, the annual population rate of change for 2.

The projected population for the year 2. The population density was 7. However, populated areas constitute only 6% of Egypt's total area and density varies from 8. Cairo to 6. 0 per sq km (2.

Suez governate. Some 9. Egyptians live in the Nile Valley. The UN estimated that 4. The capital city, Cairo (Al- Qahira), had a population of 1. Alexandria's metropolitan population was 1.

Other large cities include Giza (Al- Jizah), 2,5. Shubra El- Khemia, 1,5. Port Said, 5. 48,9.

Suez, 4. 97,0. 00. In the early 1. 96. Greek population emigrated as the result of the government's nationalization measures; nearly all Jews, who formed less than 0. Israel. With the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1. Nubian tribesmen were moved from flooded parts of the upper Nile and resettled in the plain downstream.

During the 1. 97. During the 1. 97. In 1. 99. 2 some 2,8. Egyptians were living abroad, including about one million in Libya and 8. Saudi Arabia. In 2. Egypt were $2. 9 billion.

The Egyptian government estimates that there are 3–5 million Sudanese refugees, some of whom have lived in Egypt for over 3. In 2. 00. 0 there were 1. Egypt. In 2. 00. 5, the net migration rate was estimated as - 0. The government views the immigration level as satisfactory, but the emigration level as too low.

Ethnic groups of Eastern Hamitic stock make up about 9. Egypt; these include Egyptians, Bedouins, and Berbers.